Lingva Franka (Russian Edition)

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Between 1880 and 1900, the colonial administration, in need of a common language for the region, adopted a simplified form of Bobangi, the language of the Bangala people, which became Lingala. Spoken Lingala has many loanwords from French, inflected with Lingala affixes. [ citation needed] Lozi [ edit ] Akan can be regarded as the main lingua franca of Ghana, although mainly in the south. [ citation needed] Afrikaans [ edit ]

Language - Pidgins, Creoles, Dialects | Britannica

GRAMELOVÁ, Lucie. O namibijské němčině (Líza Getta). jazykový koutek [online]. 2018-10-12 [cit. 2022-04-03]. Dostupné online. Nefamese is a pidgin that was once the main lingua franca of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, although it has been increasingly replaced by Hindi. [ citation needed] Nepali [ edit ] Lingua Franca (in Italian)". uwm.edu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009 . Retrieved 21 February 2019.Whereas a vernacular language is the native language of a specific geographical community, [12] a lingua franca is used beyond the boundaries of its original community, for trade, religious, political, or academic reasons. [13] For example, English is a vernacular in the United Kingdom but it is used as a lingua franca in the Philippines, alongside Filipino. Likewise, Arabic, French, Mandarin Chinese, Russian and Spanish serve similar purposes as industrial and educational lingua francas across regional and national boundaries.

Pidgin - West African lingua franca - BBC News Pidgin - West African lingua franca - BBC News

Hindština ( hindí) a jí blízká urdština ( urdú) se běžně používají v Indii a Pákistánu. V současnosti s nimi soupeří i angličtina.When the United Kingdom became a colonial power, English served as the lingua franca of the colonies of the British Empire. In the post-colonial period, some of the newly created nations which had multiple indigenous languages opted to continue using English as an official language to avoid the political difficulties inherent in promoting any one indigenous language above the others. The British Empire established the use of English in regions around the world such as North America, India, Africa, Australia and New Zealand, so that by the late 19th century its reach was truly global, [39] and in the latter half of the 20th century, widespread international use of English was much reinforced by the global economic, financial, scientific, military, and cultural pre-eminence of the English-speaking countries, especially the United States. Today, more than half of all scientific journals are published in English; even in France almost one-third of all natural science research appears in English, [40] so that English can be seen as the lingua franca of science and technology. English is also the lingua franca of international air traffic control and seafaring communications. [ citation needed] French [ edit ]

LINGUA FRANCA History of LINGUA FRANCA

French was the language of diplomacy from the 17th century until the mid-20th century, [38] and is still a working language of some international institutions. In the international sporting world French is still the lingua franca of the International Olympic Committee, FIFA, and the FIA. French is still seen on documents ranging from passports to airmail letters. [ citation needed] German served as a lingua franca in portions of Europe for centuries, mainly the Holy Roman Empire outside of the sphere of influence of the Hanseatic League, which used Low German, and to a lesser extent in Eastern Europe where the Polish Empire and the Russian Empire dominated, and South-Eastern Europe where the Ottoman Empire was the dominant cultural influence over the centuries. In fact, the Romantic movement with Goethe and Schiller at its top, at the end of the 18th century, served as a rediscovery of the German language for the German people that used, at this point, largely French as a lingua franca like almost all European regions, but German can be indeed still considered as a lingua franca though with far less importance than French until the 20th century or English today. [ citation needed] In Asia: Akkadian, Arabic, Aramaic, Azeri, Bengali, Chinese, Hebrew, Hindi-Urdu, Malay-Indonesian, Nepali, Persian, Sanskrit Svahilština ( kiswahili) se používá jako lingua franca ve východní Africe. Především v Tanzanii, Keni a Ugandě. Fon is regarded as the lingua franca of the southern third of Benin, which is the most densely populated area and includes the largest cities and the national capital. [ citation needed] Fula [ edit ]

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As it was one of the official languages of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, German remained an important second language in much of Central and Eastern Europe long after World War I. Today, it is still the most common second language in some of the countries in the region (e.g. in Slovenia (45% of the pop.), Croatia (34%), [3] the Czech Republic (31%) and Slovakia (28%)). In others, it is also known by significant numbers of the population (in Poland by 18%, in Hungary by 16%).