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With large scale war being waged in Europe once again in the 1930s and becoming World War II, the question of what to fight against and what for, had to be agreed on. A first agreement was the Declaration of St James's Palace of 1941, when Europe's resistance gathered in London. This was expanded on by the 1941 Atlantic Charter, establishing the Allies and their common goals, inciting a new wave of global international institutions like the United Nations ( founded 1945) or the Bretton Woods System (1944). [27] If potassium is >3mmol/L, the patient is asymptomatic, and there are no ECG changes, oral potassium replacement can be given. After 90 days, your automatic temporary protection will end. You’ll need to prove that you’ve submitted an application to continue to access your rights in the UK. You might also be interested in our collection of 800+ OSCE Stations that cover clinical examination, procedures, communication skills and data interpretation.
The European Union had an agreed budget of €170.6billion in 2022, The EU had a long-term budget of €1,082.5 billion for the period 2014–2020, representing 1.02% of the EU-28's GNI. In 1960, the budget of the European Community was 0.03 per cent of GDP. [72] Derangements in potassium levels are common in hospital inpatients. Under physiological conditions, potassium is stored almost entirely intracellularly and is excreted by the kidneys. Derangements in potassium levels cause myocardial instability, leading to risks of potentially fatal arrhythmias. Hyperkalaemia The Spanish language is one of the most interesting languages and is spoken in many countries around the world. Its origin can be traced from the Castile area of Spain. Spanish has over 480 million native speakers and an additional 75 million people who speak it as a second language. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and also one of the EU’s official language. Most of the Spanish vocabulary have their origin from Latin while Arabic and ancient Greek have also substantially enriched its vocabulary. Spoken Spanish is not as complicated as written Spanish. Written Spanish, especially when abbreviations are involved, can be difficult for beginners to comprehend. Spanish Abbreviation Rule
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de Gini (percentagem)". www.pordata.pt. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020 . Retrieved 1 February 2020. The total energy supply of the EU was 59 billion GJ in 2019, about 10.2 per cent of the world total. Approximately three fifths of the energy available in the EU came from imports (mostly of fossil fuels). Renewable energy contributed 18.1 per cent of the EU's total energy supply in 2019, and 11.1 per cent of the final energy consumption. [194] The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department, or "ECHO", provides humanitarian aid from the EU to developing countries. In 2012, its budget amounted to €874 million, 51 per cent of the budget went to Africa and 20 per cent to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 20 per cent to the Middle East and Mediterranean. [114]
See also: European Union Aviation Safety Agency, European Maritime Safety Agency, and European Union Agency for Railways Map of the Trans-European Transport Network Tip: In renal dysfunction, there can also be significant disturbances in calcium and phosphate levels, therefore it is important to request a bone profile. Similarly, each state is assigned seats in Parliament according to their population (smaller countries receiving more seats per inhabitant than the larger ones). The members of the European Parliament have been elected by universal suffrage since 1979 (before that, they were seconded from national parliaments). [32] [33] On 3 October 1990, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany, automatically becoming part of the EU.The European Union has seven principal decision-making bodies, its institutions: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the European Court of Auditors. Competence in scrutinising and amending legislation is shared between the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament, while executive tasks are performed by the European Commission and in a limited capacity by the European Council (not to be confused with the aforementioned Council of the European Union). The monetary policy of the eurozone is determined by the European Central Bank. The interpretation and the application of EU law and the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court of Auditors. There are also a number of ancillary bodies which advise the EU or operate in a specific area. The European Union ( EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [7] [8] The union has a total area of 4,233,255km 2 (1,634,469sqmi) and an estimated total population of over 448 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. [9] [10] Main article: History of the European Union (2004–present) Signing ceremony of the Treaty of Lisbon (2007) The ancient Roman Agora in Athens illuminated with a Next Generation EU sign
Main article: Economy of the European Union GDP (PPP) per capita in 2021 (including non-EU countries) The deadline for most people to apply to the EU Settlement Scheme was 30 June 2021. This deadline does not apply if you already have pre-settled status and you’re applying for settled status. Main article: History of the European Communities (1958–1972) Signing ceremony of the Treaty of Rome (1957), establishing the ECC Therefore, a raised creatinine level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)If potassium is <3mmol/L (severe hypokalaemia) or ECG changes are present, intravenous potassium replacement is indicated. Prior to the Lisbon Treaty there was no provision or procedure within any of the Treaties of the European Union for a member state to withdraw from the European Union or its predecessor organisations. The Lisbon Treaty changed this and included the first provision and procedure of a member state to leave the bloc. The procedure for a state to leave is outlined in TEU Article 50 which also makes clear that "Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements". Although it calls for a negotiated withdrawal between the seceding state and the rest of the EU, if no agreement is reached two years after the seceding state notifying of its intention to leave, it would cease to be subject to the treaties anyway (thus ensuring a right to unilateral withdrawal). [21] There is no formal limit to how much time a member state can take between adopting a policy of withdrawal, and actually triggering Article 50. The General Court is a constituent court of the European Union. It hears actions taken against the institutions of the European Union by individuals and member states, although certain matters are reserved for the Court of Justice. Decisions of the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice, but only on a point of law. Prior to the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, it was known as the Court of First Instance. Peel, Q; etal. (26 March 2010). "Deal shows Merkel has staked out strong role]". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010 . Retrieved 15 June 2010. The European Union is based on a series of treaties. These first established the European Community and the EU, and then made amendments to those founding treaties. [102] These are power-giving treaties which set broad policy goals and establish institutions with the necessary legal powers to implement those goals. These legal powers include the ability to enact legislation [f] which can directly affect all member states and their inhabitants. [g] The EU has legal personality, with the right to sign agreements and international treaties. [103] Secondary law
Basic education is an area where the EU's role is limited to supporting national governments. In higher education, the policy was developed in the 1980s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. The most visible of these has been the Erasmus Programme, a university exchange programme which began in 1987. In its first 20years, it supported international exchange opportunities for well over 1.5million university and college students and became a symbol of European student life. [268] The European Union executive branch is organized as a directorial system, where the executive power is jointly exercised by several people. The executive branch consists of the European Council and European Commission.In certain fields, members have awarded exclusive competence and exclusive mandate to the Union. These are areas in which member states have entirely renounced their own capacity to enact legislation. In other areas, the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. While both can legislate, the member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not. In other policy areas, the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but cannot enact legislation with the aim of harmonising national laws. [76] That a particular policy area falls into a certain category of competence is not necessarily indicative of what legislative procedure is used for enacting legislation within that policy area. Different legislative procedures are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area. The distribution of competences in various policy areas between member states and the union is divided into the following three categories: The EU has 24 official languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, and Swedish. Important documents, such as legislation, are translated into every official language and the European Parliament provides translation for documents and plenary sessions. [246] [247] Most EU institutions use only a handful of working languages: the European Commission conducts its internal business in three procedural languages: English, French, and German; [248] the Court of Justice uses French as the working language, [249] and the European Central Bank conducts its business primarily in English. [250] [251] Even though language policy is the responsibility of member states, EU institutions promote multilingualism among its citizens. [f] [252]
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